The disease in the respiratory system that is often caused by smoking cigarettes and vaping is asthma. While asthma is primarily an inflammatory condition of the airways, smoking and vaping can exacerbate symptoms and trigger asthma attacks. It's important to note that chronic smoking and vaping can also lead to other serious respiratory diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer.
Thalassemia is a blood disorder, idiopathic edema is related to fluid retention, and atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease, so they are not directly associated with the respiratory system as smoking-related conditions.