The disease from an increased release of cortisol is Cushing’s syndrome.
Cushing’s syndrome is characterized by excess cortisol in the body, often due to various factors such as pituitary tumors (Cushing's disease), adrenal tumors, or ectopic production of ACTH. In contrast, Addison's disease is associated with insufficient cortisol production. Hypothyroidism pertains to low thyroid hormone levels, and diabetes mellitus is primarily related to insulin resistance or deficiency.