Question

Which correctly identifies ways that earthquakes and tsunamis can cause destruction

Answer 1

1. Ground shaking: During an earthquake, the ground can shake violently, causing damage to buildings, infrastructure, and other structures. The intensity and duration of shaking can determine the extent of destruction.

2. Ground rupture: In certain cases, an earthquake can cause the ground to crack or rupture along faults. This can lead to displacement of the earth's surface, damaging roads, pipelines, and other structures built on or near the fault.

3. Landslides: Earthquakes can trigger landslides, particularly in hilly or mountainous areas. The shaking can destabilize slopes, leading to the movement of rocks, soil, and debris, which can bury communities and infrastructure.

4. Tsunamis: Large undersea or coastal earthquakes can generate tsunamis, which are powerful ocean waves. When these waves reach the shoreline, they can cause widespread flooding, destruction of coastal infrastructure, and loss of life and property.

5. Liquefaction: Intense shaking from an earthquake can cause saturated soil to temporarily lose its ability to bear weight, turning it into a liquid-like state. This can lead to the sinking or tilting of buildings, bridges, and other structures built on such soil.

6. Fires: Earthquakes can rupture gas pipelines, electric lines, and cause structural damage to buildings, leading to fires. These fires can further contribute to the destruction caused by the earthquake, especially if they are left unchecked.

7. Infrastructure damage: The shaking and ground movement during an earthquake can damage critical infrastructure, including roads, bridges, tunnels, dams, and power plants. This damage can disrupt transportation, water supply, energy distribution, and other essential services, exacerbating the destruction caused by the earthquake.

8. Human casualties and displacement: Earthquakes can result in significant human casualties due to building collapses, flying debris, and landslides. Moreover, the destruction of homes and infrastructure can lead to the displacement of people, creating a humanitarian crisis.

It is important to note that earthquakes and tsunamis can cause destruction independently or in combination, depending on the specific circumstances and location of the event.