An authentic cadence, also known as a perfect cadence, typically consists of the progression from the V (dominant) chord to the I (tonic) chord.
For example, in the key of C major, an authentic cadence would be:
- G major (V) to C major (I)
This progression creates a strong sense of resolution and finality. Authentic cadences can be further classified into:
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Perfect Authentic Cadence (PAC): Both chords are in root position, and the tonic note is the highest note in the I chord. For example, G (B-D-G) moving to C (C-E-G), with G in the highest voice.
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Imperfect Authentic Cadence (IAC): The V to I progression occurs, but either one (or both) of the chords is not in root position, or the highest note of the I chord is not the tonic. For example, G (B-D-G) moving to C (E-G-C) where E is the highest note.
Both types create a strong sense of closure, but the perfect authentic cadence is typically viewed as the most conclusive.