The correct choice that identifies a positive correlation regarding the increase in black peppered moth populations in England during the late 1800s is:
the correlation between air pollution and white moth predation.
This reflects the idea that increased air pollution (which darkened the trees) favored the darker black peppered moths over the lighter white moths, leading to a decrease in white moth populations due to increased predation, and thus a positive correlation between the increase of black moths and the predation of white moths.