Increasing the speed of an object from 30 mph to 40 mph will primarily affect its kinetic energy and momentum.
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Kinetic Energy: The kinetic energy of an object is given by the formula \( KE = \frac{1}{2} mv^2 \), where \( m \) is the mass of the object and \( v \) is its velocity. As the speed increases, the kinetic energy increases with the square of the velocity, which means a significant increase in kinetic energy occurs when speeding up from 30 mph to 40 mph.
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Momentum: The momentum of an object is given by the formula \( p = mv \), where \( p \) is momentum, \( m \) is mass, and \( v \) is the velocity. As the speed increases, the momentum of the object will also increase linearly with the increase in speed.
Both kinetic energy and momentum are key characteristics that change when the speed of an object increases.