To accurately answer the question regarding which characteristic of the Second Great Awakening is best illustrated in the painting, I would need to know the specific details or elements depicted in the painting. However, I can provide you with some context for each characteristic:
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Large outdoor revival meetings: This was a common feature of the Second Great Awakening, where large groups gathered for evangelistic preaching and worship, often in open-air settings.
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The desire to reform society: Many movements, including abolitionism, temperance, and women's rights, were inspired by the religious fervor of the Second Great Awakening, leading to societal reform efforts.
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The rejection of predestination: The movement emphasized personal choice and the ability to attain salvation through faith and good works, which contrasted with the Calvinist belief in predestination.
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The popularity of transcendental thought: This philosophical movement emerged during the same period but is more closely related to figures like Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau rather than the revivalist aspects of the Second Great Awakening.
If the painting shows a scene of people gathered outdoors for worship or evangelism, the best response would be "large outdoor revival meetings." If it illustrates social reform efforts, then "the desire to reform society" would be more appropriate.
Could you provide a description of the painting or any context? That would help in determining which response is most suitable.