The artwork that best fits the given characteristics—covering floors or walls, made of tesserae pressed into cement or plaster, featuring bright colors, and depicting religious images—is the Byzantine mosaic of Emperor Justinian and his attendants at San Vitale, Ravenna.
This mosaic is known for its use of vibrant colors, the use of tesserae, and its religious theme, as it depicts Emperor Justinian and figures associated with the church. The other options do not fully meet all the criteria laid out in your description.