Which argument is not valid?



1.) Given: a→b
a
Conclusion: b

2.) Given: a˅b
~b
Conclusion: ~a


3.) Given: a→b
~b
Conclusion: ~a

4.) Given: a→b
b→~c
Conclusion: a→~c

1 answer

#2 is not an argument, since there is no implication.
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