The two correct answers about changes in carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere since 1860 are:
- The increases in carbon dioxide are caused by human activity.
- The rate of change in carbon dioxide is exponential.
The other options regarding the Milankovitch cycle and a new interglacial period do not accurately explain the observed increases in atmospheric CO2 levels since 1860, as those cycles operate on much longer time scales and the recent increases are closely tied to human activities such as fossil fuel combustion.