All of the options you provided are examples of push factors in immigration. Push factors are conditions that drive people to leave their home country, including:
- Poor living conditions: This can include inadequate housing, lack of access to clean water and sanitation, and general poverty.
- Political and religious persecution: Individuals may flee their home countries to escape oppressive regimes, discrimination, or violence based on their political beliefs or religious practices.
- Lack of farmland: Economic hardships related to agriculture, such as droughts, land degradation, or overpopulation can force individuals to seek better opportunities elsewhere.
Therefore, the correct response would be "All of these."