Which allowed scientists to determine that Earth was at least 4.3 billion years old?

the electrical conductivity of uranium ions
the electrical conductivity of uranium ions

the radioactive decay of uranium to lead
the radioactive decay of uranium to lead

magnetic field surrounding zircon
magnetic field surrounding zircon

chemical reactivity of zircon ions

1 answer

Scientists determined that Earth is at least 4.3 billion years old primarily through the radioactive decay of uranium to lead. This method involves measuring the ratios of uranium isotopes and their decay products (lead isotopes) in minerals, particularly zircon, which can hold ages that reflect the time since they formed. This dating technique has been crucial in establishing the age of the oldest rocks on Earth and, consequently, the minimum age of the Earth itself.