The actions that the French kings took to increase royal power are best represented by option D: Granted town charters, introduced national tax, extended royal lands.
- Granted town charters: This allowed kings to establish control over local governments and gain loyalty from towns.
- Introduced national tax: By implementing a national tax, kings could generate revenue directly rather than relying on feudal lords.
- Extended royal lands: This increased the direct control and power of the monarchy over more territory.
These actions collectively helped to strengthen and consolidate royal authority in France.