When you enter URL, a protocol blank matches the URL to address a computer knows or protocol dns the internet fiber optic cables

Answer 1

It seems like you are asking about how URLs are translated into IP addresses using protocols and DNS (Domain Name System) technology.

When you enter a URL in your web browser, several steps occur for your computer to retrieve the desired webpage:

1. Protocol: The URL typically starts with a protocol such as HTTP or HTTPS. This indicates how data should be transmitted over the internet. HTTPS is the secure version of HTTP, meaning the data is encrypted during transmission.

2. DNS Lookup: The URL contains a domain name (e.g., www.example.com) that needs to be translated into an IP address, which is the actual address that the computer uses to locate the server hosting the website. This translation is done by the Domain Name System (DNS). When you enter a URL, your computer first checks its own cache to see if it already knows the IP address associated with that domain. If not, it sends a query to a DNS server.

3. IP Address Resolution: The DNS server looks up the domain name and returns the corresponding IP address (e.g., 192.0.2.1). This process allows your computer to find the server hosting the website.

4. Establishing a Connection: Once you have the IP address, your computer uses the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to establish a connection with the server. This involves a "handshake" process to ensure that both sides are ready for communication.

5. Fiber Optic Cables: The connection between your computer and the server is facilitated through various infrastructure components of the internet, including fiber optic cables. These cables transmit data at high speeds using light signals, allowing for quick communication over long distances.

6. HTTP Request: After establishing a connection, your browser sends an HTTP request to the server, asking for the specific page or resource you want to access.

7. Server Response: The server processes the request and sends back the requested information, usually in the form of HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and other resources that make up the webpage.

8. Rendering the Page: Your browser receives the data and renders the webpage for you to view interactively.

This entire process typically happens very quickly, allowing you to access websites almost instantaneously.