Here is the correct matching of terms with their descriptions:
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established a system of federal courts - judiciary act of 1789
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decided contested cases and served as a trial court in certain cases involving state or foreign affairs - supreme court
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prosecuted and defended cases on behalf of the federal government - attorney general
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group of leaders who led the major departments of the executive branch and advised the President - cabinet
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carried out the nation’s foreign policy - state department
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managed the nation’s finances - department of the treasury
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oversaw national defense and managed U.S. military operations - war department