When two (2) criminal cases with the same subject matter and arising out of one

Question

criminal act are pending before two (2) different Courts, the Court situated in the area
where the offense was committed shall take precedence over the Court situated where
the accused ordinarily resides and this same Court shall take precedence over the
Court where the accused person is arrested.
The rule giving precedence to the place where the crime was committed is based on the
considerations that it is in that place that the public order was disturbed, where the effects of the
crime were suffered, and where the evidence can be easily collected; it is finally the only place to
be attached to the criminal activity when the author could not be known.
The crime can also be linked with the place of the arrest of the offender, but this
carries much interest only if the crime was committed abroad by an offender with a residence
there or if the offender, with no permanent residence, has committed a crime in a territory which
cannot easily be attached to the place of arrest which carries much interest if the perpetrator is
arrested for another cause such that neither the place of domicile nor the place where the crime
was committed could not be known.
In another system, the crime can be linked with the place of domicile or the place of
residence. Indeed, it is from the place of residence or domicile that the offender's criminal
records are well known. This system is also straightforward when the crime was committed in
an unknown place or abroad. Whatever the case, this system carries less advantages than the one
considering the place where the crime was committed.
It should be noted that when several people are jointly charged as principal offenders or
accomplices of one or several offenses arising from the same transaction, the Court with
territorial jurisdiction to try the most severe offenses shall be competent to try the other offenses.
- When a matter is filed in two different Courts with the same jurisdiction, one of the
Courts sends the case to the other per the following rules and orders:
1° A special Court takes precedence over An ordinary Court;
2° An Appellate Court takes precedence over a Court of First instance;
3° A Superior Court takes precedence over an inferior Court;
4° A court that has commenced the Court process takes precedence over the one that has
not yet made a decision on the case;
5° a Court before which the case was filed first takes precedence over other Courts (Law
N°30/2018 of 02/06/2018 determining the jurisdiction of courts). translat in kinyarwanda

Answer 1

Gukurikiza amategeko mu rwego rw'ibirego by'ibyaha, igihe ibirego bibiri bifite umutwe umwe kandi biterwa n'icyaha kimwe byaba bigiye gukurikiranwaho mu nkiko ebyiri zitandukanye, urukiko ruherereye ahabereye icyaha rugomba kugira imbereho urukiko ruherereye aho umwere akunda kuba, kandi uru rukiko rugomba kugira imbereho urukiko aho umwere yafatiwe.

Itegeko ryemerera urukiko rwo mu gace icyaha cyabereye kugira imbereho urukiko ruri mu gace aho umwere akunda kuba, rishingiye ku mpamvu z'ubumenyi ko ari muri iyo ntara ariho umutekano w'abaturage wagizweho ingaruka, aho ingaruka z'icyaha zagizweho n’abantu, kandi ahantu haroroshye gukusanya ibimenyetso; ni ho honyine hashobora guhuza n'icyaha mu gihe umwanditsi wacyaha atamenyekanye.

Icyaha gishobora no guhuzwa n'aho umwere yafatiwe, ariko ibi bifite akamaro cyane gusa mu gihe icyaha cyakorewe mu mahanga ku muyobozi ufite aho atuye cyangwa mu gihe umwere, ufite aho atuye h'igihe kitazwi, yakoze icyaha mu gace kitaroroshye guhuza n'aho yafatiwe, ibi biba bifite akamaro mu gihe uwakoze icyaha afatiwe ku mpamvu zindi.

Mu rundi rwego, icyaha gishobora guhuzwa n'aho umwere atuye cyangwa akorera. Muri iki gihe, ni ho ahantu h'iterambere ry'imico y'uwakoze icyaha hamenyekanye kurushaho. Icyakora, uru rwego ntirufite ibyiza byinshi nk’urugero rwemeza ahantu icyaha cyabereye.

Birakwiye kwibukirwa ko igihe abantu benshi bahamijwe ibyaha bikoze nk'abashinzwe ibyaha cyangwa abafatanya bikorwa b'ibyaha biva mu gikorwa kimwe, urukiko rufite ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana ibyaha bikomeye cyane ni rwo rurangiza ibindi byaha.

Igihe ikibazo cyanditswe mu nkiko ebyiri zifite ubushobozi bumwe, rumwe mu rukiko rutoranya urundi hakurikijwe amategeko n'ibikurikira:
1° Urukiko rwihariye rufite mbereho urukiko rusanzwe;
2° Urukiko rwasubiwemo rufite mbereho urukiko rwo ku rwego rwa mbere;
3° Urukiko rwo ku rwego rwo hejuru rufite mbereho urukiko rw'igice cyo hasi;
4° Urukiko rwatangiriye ku rubanza rufite mbereho urukiko rutarabasha gufata umwanzuro ku rubanza;
5° Urukiko urukiko rwanditseho mbere mu bindi rukiko rugomba kugira mbereho. (Amategeko N°30/2018 yo ku itariki ya 02/06/2018 asobanura imikoreshereze y’inkiko).