When immersed in a beaker of water, a straight glass rod seems to undergo bending, as depicted in the diagram. What provides the most accurate explanation for this phenomenon?

Answer 1

There may be several factors contributing to the bending of the glass rod when immersed in water:

1. Refraction of light: When light passes from one medium (such as air) to another medium (such as water) with a different refractive index, it changes direction. This change in direction causes the apparent bending of the rod. The bending is only perceived due to the refraction of light.

2. Difference in density: Water is denser than air, and as the lower part of the glass rod is submerged in water, it experiences an upward buoyant force. This buoyant force can lead to the bending of the rod.

3. Surface tension: The surface tension of water at the air-water interface can also contribute to the bending of the rod. The surface tension acts tangentially to the surface, creating an upward force on the submerged part of the rod, leading to the bending effect.

Combining these factors, the most accurate explanation for the bending of the glass rod when immersed in water is the combined effect of refraction of light, difference in density, and surface tension.