To write the balanced molecular, complete ionic, and net ionic equations for the reaction between carbon dioxide (CO₂) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), we start with the molecular equation.
1. Balanced Molecular Equation
The reaction between carbon dioxide and sodium hydroxide produces sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) and water (H₂O). The balanced molecular equation is:
\[ CO_2 (g) + 2 NaOH (aq) \rightarrow Na_2CO_3 (aq) + H_2O (l) \]
2. Complete Ionic Equation
In the complete ionic equation, we break down all the soluble strong electrolytes (strong acids, bases, and soluble salts) into their corresponding ions:
- Sodium hydroxide dissociates into sodium ions (Na⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻).
- Sodium carbonate dissociates into sodium ions (Na⁺) and carbonate ions (CO₃²⁻).
So, the complete ionic equation is:
\[ CO_2 (g) + 2 Na^+ (aq) + 2 OH^- (aq) \rightarrow 2 Na^+ (aq) + CO_3^{2-} (aq) + H_2O (l) \]
3. Net Ionic Equation
To find the net ionic equation, we remove the spectator ions (ions that appear on both sides of the equation unchanged). In this case, sodium ions (Na⁺) are spectator ions.
The net ionic equation is:
\[ CO_2 (g) + 2 OH^- (aq) \rightarrow CO_3^{2-} (aq) + H_2O (l) \]
Summary
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Balanced Molecular Equation: \[ CO_2 (g) + 2 NaOH (aq) \rightarrow Na_2CO_3 (aq) + H_2O (l) \]
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Complete Ionic Equation: \[ CO_2 (g) + 2 Na^+ (aq) + 2 OH^- (aq) \rightarrow 2 Na^+ (aq) + CO_3^{2-} (aq) + H_2O (l) \]
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Net Ionic Equation: \[ CO_2 (g) + 2 OH^- (aq) \rightarrow CO_3^{2-} (aq) + H_2O (l) \]
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