What's the difference between "Are you tired? and Did you tire?"

Question

Is "Are you tired?" used as passive?

How about "Are you exhausted? and Did you exhaust?"

Thanks...

Answer 1

These are not passives. They are questions.

You are tired = a statement with a linking verb and predicate adjective. The question format just reverses the subject and verb.

Did you tire = a question that usually needs an adverb or a direct object.
-- Did you tire easily when you were recovering from surgery?
-- Did you tire out the children when you played soccer with them?

Now tell me what you think about the others you listed, and I'll let you know if you're on the right track.

Answer 2

So to speak, "tired and exhausted" are predicate adjectives. Am I right?

Answer 3

Are there other verbs that can only take the passive form?

Answer 4

In these questions, "tired" and "exhausted" are past participles of verbs being used as predicate adjectives:
-- Are you tired?
-- Are you exhausted?

But in the others, "tire" and "exhaust" are being used as main verbs (not participles/adjectives). Notice that the auxiliary verb "did" is used in each -- that indicates some kind of action, in these cases past actions.

Here's a webpage that explains more about passives:
http://www.elementalenglish.com/the-passive-voice-passive-only-verbs-part-3/
Note the list of the passive-only verbs.