Before 1500, the three major trading kingdoms of West Africa were:
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Ghana Empire: Although it declined by the 13th century, the Ghana Empire was one of the earliest and most powerful trading empires in West Africa, known for its wealth derived from gold and its control over significant trade routes.
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Mali Empire: Following the decline of the Ghana Empire, the Mali Empire rose to prominence in the 13th century. It became famous for its wealth, particularly during the reign of Mansa Musa, and for its thriving trade in gold, salt, and other goods. The city of Timbuktu became a major cultural and trading center.
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Songhai Empire: The Songhai Empire emerged in the late 15th century as a powerful successor to the Mali Empire. It became one of the largest empires in West African history, controlling trade routes and thriving on commerce, especially in gold and salt, as well as academic and cultural achievements.
These kingdoms played significant roles in the development of trade, culture, and the spread of Islam in West Africa.
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