The Great Compromise, also known as the Connecticut Compromise, was essential during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 due to the divergent interests of states concerning representation in the newly proposed Congress. Here are the key opposing points of view that made the compromise necessary:
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Equal Representation vs. Proportional Representation:
- Small States: Delegates from smaller states favored equal representation, arguing that each state should have the same number of representatives regardless of its population. They believed this would ensure that their interests were not overwhelmed by larger states. This perspective was embodied in the New Jersey Plan, which proposed a unicameral legislature with equal representation for all states.
- Large States: Conversely, larger states argued for representation based on population, believing that states with more people should have more influence in the legislative process. This viewpoint was reflected in the Virginia Plan, which proposed a bicameral legislature with representation in both houses determined by state population.
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Federal vs. State Authority:
- The small states expressed concern that a system based on population would diminish their power and influence at the national level. They feared that larger states could dominate federal decision-making and legislative outcomes.
- Larger states supported the idea of proportional representation because they wanted a legislature that reflected the demographic realities of the nation and addressed the needs of the larger populations.
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Political Power and Balance:
- The political dynamics of the time also played a crucial role. A compromise was needed to foster cooperation among states and to prevent a breakdown in discussions that could lead to a failed convention.
- The delegates were aware that failing to reach an agreement could jeopardize the entire process of creating a new government framework, as a number of states had the potential to withdraw from talks or reject the Constitution altogether if their representation concerns were not addressed.
The Great Compromise resolved these conflicting perspectives by creating a bicameral legislature, consisting of two houses: the House of Representatives, with representation based on population, and the Senate, with equal representation for each state (two senators per state). This compromise was integral in achieving a balance between the interests of both large and small states, which helped pave the way for the ratification of the U.S. Constitution.
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