What were the basic crops grown by settlers in 18th-century New Mexico?

Answer 1

In the 18th century, settlers in New Mexico primarily grew several staple crops to sustain themselves and their communities. These basic crops included:

1. Corn (maize): Corn was one of the most important crops grown by settlers in New Mexico during the 18th century. It was a versatile crop used for making tortillas, masa (cornmeal dough), and various other dishes. Corn was a crucial part of the local diet and was also used for feeding livestock.

2. Wheat: Wheat was another essential crop grown in 18th-century New Mexico. It was used for making bread, a dietary staple for settlers. Wheat flour was also used in other baked goods and various traditional dishes.

3. Barley: Barley was cultivated for its versatility as both food and feed. Settlers used it to make barley flour, which was used in baking and for making porridge. Barley straw served as animal fodder.

4. Beans: Various types of beans, such as pinto, black, and kidney beans, were grown by settlers in New Mexico. Beans were an important source of protein and were usually cooked and incorporated into different dishes.

5. Squash: Squash, particularly winter squash varieties like calabaza, was commonly grown. Squash was used for both culinary purposes and for storing through the winter, as it could be stored for several months without spoiling.

6. Chile peppers: Chile peppers were a significant crop in New Mexico, known for their spicy and distinct flavors. They were used to season various dishes and were either consumed fresh, sun-dried, or made into sauces for preservation.

7. Fruit trees: Settlers also grew fruit trees, such as apples, pears, peaches, apricots, and cherries. These fruits were used for fresh consumption, drying, and making preserves.

These crops provided the settlers with the necessary sustenance in their daily lives, forming the basis of their diet and allowing them to establish self-sufficient agricultural communities in 18th-century New Mexico.