Ancient Greece:
The political structure of ancient Greece was divided into city-states, which were independent political units. The three main city-states were Athens, Sparta, and Corinth. The government of Athens was a democracy, in which all citizens had the right to vote and participate in government. Sparta, on the other hand, was an oligarchy, where a group of elite citizens ruled over the rest. Corinth had a mixed system of government, with democracy and oligarchy combined.
The main principles of ancient Greek civilization's government were:
1. Direct democracy: This was practiced in Athens, where all citizens had the right to vote on important decisions.
2. Citizenship: Only free men born to Athenian parents were considered citizens.
3. Assembly: The assembly was a body of citizens who voted on important issues.
4. Public officials: Public officials were elected by the assembly to manage government affairs.
5. Rule of law: Laws were made by the assembly and applied to all citizens.
Ancient Rome:
The political structure of ancient Rome was a republic. In this system, citizens elected representatives to govern on their behalf. The government was divided into two branches: the senate and the people's assembly.
The main principles of ancient Roman civilization's government were:
1. Representative government: Citizens elected representatives to govern on their behalf.
2. Separation of powers: The government was divided into two branches – the senate and the people's assembly.
3. Law and order: Laws were enforced by the government to maintain order and protect citizens.
4. Citizenship: Citizenship was granted to those who met certain requirements, such as property ownership and military service.
5. Republican virtues: The Roman government believed in certain virtues, such as the love of country and the willingness to sacrifice for the common good, which were necessary for the survival of the republic.
What was the structure and what were the main principles of each of ancient greece and ancient rome's civilization's government?
3 answers
What contributions or achievements did each of ancient greece and ancient rome civilization make in visual art, science, architecture, literature, theater, and medicine?
Ancient Greece:
Visual Art:
- Developed realistic human depictions in sculpture and painting
- Utilized idealized human forms in art
- Created pottery with intricate designs and geometric patterns
Science:
- Had knowledge of astronomy, philosophy, and mathematics
- Pioneered the scientific method
- Developed theories about the nature of the universe
Architecture:
- Built elaborate temples and public buildings
- Developed the Corinthian, Doric, and Ionic orders of architecture
- Created the Parthenon in Athens, which is regarded as a masterpiece of classical architecture
Literature:
- Produced a wealth of literature including epic poetry, plays, and works of philosophy
- Some of the most famous Greek literature includes The Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer, The Republic by Plato, and The Poetics by Aristotle
Theater:
- Created drama and theater as we know it today
- Developed the concept of tragedy and comedy
- Introduced the use of masks and the chorus in plays
Medicine:
- Developed theories of anatomy and disease
- Identified the concept of the Four Humors in relation to health and disease
- Developed Hippocratic Oath and studied the body's functions
Ancient Rome:
Visual Art:
- Known for their realistic and intricate artworks, particularly in sculpture.
- Created mosaics and frescoes with intricate designs on walls, floors, and ceilings.
Science:
- Developed innovative plumbing systems, underground sewage systems, and aqueducts.
- Made noteworthy contributions to astronomy, medicine, and philosophy.
- Considerable achievements in fields like physics, chemistry, and mathematics.
Architecture:
- Created monumental structures like the Colosseum, the Pantheon, and Trajan's Market.
- Developed the dome and arch structures in architecture.
- Pioneered in ancient civil engineering activities.
Literature:
- Wrote historical narratives, poetry, and plays.
- Known for epic poems like The Aeneid by Virgil and famous storytellers like Ovid.
Theater:
- Developed the concept of theatre, buildings, and venues for theaters.
- Invented the word drama, combines with music into entertaining plays.
- Writers created well-known plays like the works of Seneca.
Medicine:
- Known for setting up the first public hospitals.
- Developed elaborate surgical instruments like forceps, scalpels, and pliers.
- Created the first known medical encyclopedia which covers techniques and anatomy.
Visual Art:
- Developed realistic human depictions in sculpture and painting
- Utilized idealized human forms in art
- Created pottery with intricate designs and geometric patterns
Science:
- Had knowledge of astronomy, philosophy, and mathematics
- Pioneered the scientific method
- Developed theories about the nature of the universe
Architecture:
- Built elaborate temples and public buildings
- Developed the Corinthian, Doric, and Ionic orders of architecture
- Created the Parthenon in Athens, which is regarded as a masterpiece of classical architecture
Literature:
- Produced a wealth of literature including epic poetry, plays, and works of philosophy
- Some of the most famous Greek literature includes The Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer, The Republic by Plato, and The Poetics by Aristotle
Theater:
- Created drama and theater as we know it today
- Developed the concept of tragedy and comedy
- Introduced the use of masks and the chorus in plays
Medicine:
- Developed theories of anatomy and disease
- Identified the concept of the Four Humors in relation to health and disease
- Developed Hippocratic Oath and studied the body's functions
Ancient Rome:
Visual Art:
- Known for their realistic and intricate artworks, particularly in sculpture.
- Created mosaics and frescoes with intricate designs on walls, floors, and ceilings.
Science:
- Developed innovative plumbing systems, underground sewage systems, and aqueducts.
- Made noteworthy contributions to astronomy, medicine, and philosophy.
- Considerable achievements in fields like physics, chemistry, and mathematics.
Architecture:
- Created monumental structures like the Colosseum, the Pantheon, and Trajan's Market.
- Developed the dome and arch structures in architecture.
- Pioneered in ancient civil engineering activities.
Literature:
- Wrote historical narratives, poetry, and plays.
- Known for epic poems like The Aeneid by Virgil and famous storytellers like Ovid.
Theater:
- Developed the concept of theatre, buildings, and venues for theaters.
- Invented the word drama, combines with music into entertaining plays.
- Writers created well-known plays like the works of Seneca.
Medicine:
- Known for setting up the first public hospitals.
- Developed elaborate surgical instruments like forceps, scalpels, and pliers.
- Created the first known medical encyclopedia which covers techniques and anatomy.