What was the Roman empire’s views on Christianity at various points in its history? What caused them to change overtime?

Answer 1

The Roman Empire's views on Christianity varied throughout its history. Initially, during the early years of Christianity, the Roman Empire viewed it as a minor sect within Judaism and did not consider it as a separate religion. However, over time, the Roman Empire's attitude towards Christianity changed several times, influenced by different factors:

1. Early Period (1st-3rd century): Christianity was often met with suspicion and sporadic persecution. Romans saw Christians as a superstitious and subversive group that refused to worship the Emperor and adhere to traditional Roman religion.

2. Constantine's Conversion (4th century): Emperor Constantine's conversion to Christianity in the early 4th century had a significant impact on changing the empire's views. He issued the Edict of Milan in 313, granting tolerance to Christians and ending their persecution. This marked a shift towards religious acceptance and paved the way for Christianity's eventual rise to become the dominant religion in the empire.

3. Official Religion of the Empire (4th-5th century): In 380, Emperor Theodosius I declared Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire. This move shifted the stance from toleration to promoting and protecting Christianity, resulting in the suppression of pagan practices.

4. Divisions and Heresies (4th-6th century): Within Christianity, theological controversies arose, leading to divisions and heresies. The Roman Empire played a role in these disputes, often intervening to maintain religious unity. Emperors tried to enforce orthodoxy and suppress heretical teachings, especially during the reigns of Theodosius I and Justinian.

5. Decline of the Western Roman Empire (4th-5th century): With the decline of the Western Roman Empire, Christianity faced challenges from invading and migrating groups like the Visigoths and Vandals. This led to conflicts between Christians and non-Christians, shaping the Empire's views on religion.

Overall, the Roman Empire's views on Christianity evolved due to a combination of political, social, and religious factors. The rise of Christian emperors, divisions within Christianity, and external threats contributed to these changes over time.