What was the independent variable in your graph? What was the dependent

Question

variable in your graph?
Atomic radius -
Electronegativity
Ionization Energy -

2. Define the following terms:
Atomic radius
Electronegativity -
Ionization Energy -

Answer 1

1. Independent and Dependent Variables:

   In the context of a graph that plots atomic radius, electronegativity, and ionization energy, the independent and dependent variables would typically be defined as follows:

   • Independent Variable: This is the variable that is manipulated or changed in the experiment or analysis. In this case, the independent variable could be the atomic number of the elements, which determines their position in the periodic table.

   • Dependent Variable: This is the variable that is measured or observed in response to changes in the independent variable. In the context of your graph:

     • Atomic radius would be a dependent variable if it reflects the trends as you move across a period or down a group in the periodic table.
     • Electronegativity would also be treated as a dependent variable if it varies in relation to the atomic number or position of the elements in the periodic table.
     • Ionization energy would similarly act as a dependent variable, showcasing trends related to atomic number.

2. Definitions:

   • Atomic Radius: The atomic radius is a measure of the size of an atom. It is typically defined as the distance from the nucleus to the outermost shell of electrons. The atomic radius can vary depending on the type of bond (covalent or metallic) being formed, and it generally increases down a group in the periodic table and decreases across a period from left to right.

   • Electronegativity: Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons. The most commonly referenced scale for electronegativity is the Pauling scale. Electronegativity generally increases across a period from left to right and decreases down a group in the periodic table.

   • Ionization Energy: Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom in its gaseous state. The first ionization energy refers specifically to the energy needed to remove the outermost electron. Ionization energy tends to increase across a period from left to right and decrease down a group due to the increasing distance of the outer electrons from the nucleus and the shielding effect of inner-shell electrons.