The effect of Tsar Alexander II’s reforms in Russia can be summarized as follows:
They helped Russia become a more modern nation.
Alexander II is best known for his Emancipation Reform of 1861, which freed the serfs and aimed to modernize Russia's economy and society. His reforms also included changes to the legal system, military, and education, which contributed to the modernization efforts in the country. While some reforms faced resistance from local leaders and did not fully achieve their intended outcomes, they did lay the groundwork for more modern governance and social structures in Russia.