Here are the answers to your questions based on Animal Farm by George Orwell:
Question 1:
He was angry because Frederick paid him in counterfeit money.
Question 2:
The extreme lengths the pigs go to maintain power.
Question 3:
Napoleon convinces them through propaganda and fear tactics.
Question 4:
Napoleon uses Squealer as a mouthpiece to propagate the idea that Snowball is a traitor and a constant threat to their safety. Squealer delivers persuasive speeches that build on the animals' fears by suggesting that Snowball is secretly collaborating with humans to undermine the farm. For example, after every mishap, Squealer reminds the animals that Snowball is at fault, creating a scapegoat for their grievances. This tactic is effective because it not only consolidates Napoleon's power but also distracts the animals from their suffering and prevents them from questioning their leadership or the dismal conditions. By personifying Snowball as a common enemy, the pigs unite the animals against a perceived threat, reinforcing their authority.
Question 5:
Conditions on the farm have deteriorated due to increased workloads, reduced rations, and the pigs living in luxury while the other animals face hardships. The animals continue to accept these hardships without protest because of a combination of fear of retribution, propaganda, and a lingering hope for a better future. They have been conditioned to trust their leaders and fear alternatives. This reflects their initial hopes for Animalism, which promised equality and better living conditions. The disillusionment shows the betrayal of the revolution's ideals as the pigs become increasingly authoritarian.
Question 6:
Napoleon feels the need to execute the animals who "confess" to crimes to instill fear and assert his authority. By showcasing such brutality, he ensures that no one dares to rebel or question his leadership. This creates a culture of fear among the other animals, reinforcing their submission to Napoleon's rule. It reveals that power is being exercised through terror, much like the oppressive systems the animals initially sought to overthrow, showcasing the cycle of tyranny.
Question 7:
The significance of the pigs altering the commandments on the barn wall lies in their manipulation of language and truth to control the perception of morality on the farm. As the commandments are altered to justify the pigs' actions, the animals' faith in their leadership becomes shaky, as it becomes difficult to understand right and wrong. This gradual change leads to confusion and a sense of helplessness among the animals, preventing them from critically assessing the pigs’ authority.
Question 8:
The discovery of alcohol by the pigs marks a significant turning point because it symbolizes their outright embrace of the corruption and indulgence they once condemned in humans. The pigs' growing addiction highlights the betrayal of the original principles of Animalism, as they increasingly resemble the oppressive humans. This transformation illustrates the themes of power, corruption, and the cyclical nature of tyranny within the text, contrasting sharply with the initial ideals of equality and hard work that spurred the revolution.