The correct response regarding a root cause of the rebellions in Spanish America early in the nineteenth century is:
These rebellions were grounded in animosity between the criollos and peninsulares that was based on social and economic issues.
This animosity stemmed from the social hierarchy that favored the peninsulares (those born in Spain) over the criollos (those of Spanish descent born in the colonies), leading to feelings of resentment and calls for greater autonomy and rights among the criollos.