Fatty acids are primarily components of two main types of biomolecules:
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Lipids: Fatty acids are key building blocks of various lipids, which include:
- Triglycerides: Composed of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone, triglycerides are the main form of stored energy in animals and plants.
- Phospholipids: These consist of two fatty acids, a glycerol backbone, and a phosphate group. Phospholipids are major components of cell membranes, forming the lipid bilayer.
- Sphingolipids: These contain a long-chain fatty acid and a sphingosine backbone, playing significant roles in cell membrane structure and signaling.
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Fatty Acid Derivatives: Various bioactive compounds are derived from fatty acids, including:
- Eicosanoids: These are signaling molecules derived from arachidonic acid (a type of fatty acid) and include prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes, which are involved in numerous physiological processes.
- Steroids: Though not directly made up of fatty acids, some steroids (like certain hormones) can be synthesized from fatty acid precursors.
In summary, fatty acids are essential building blocks for lipids, which are crucial biomolecules for energy storage, cellular structure, and signaling.