Biomolecules that are made up of fatty acids include:
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Lipids: This is a broad category that encompasses various types of molecules. Key types of lipids that are composed of fatty acids include:
- Triglycerides: These are formed from one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids. They serve as a major form of energy storage in animals and plants.
- Phospholipids: These consist of two fatty acids, a glycerol backbone, and a phosphate group. They are essential components of cell membranes, forming the lipid bilayer.
- Glycolipids: These contain one or more sugar units and one or more fatty acids. They play roles in cell recognition and signaling.
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Wax: Waxes are esters formed from long-chain fatty acids and long-chain alcohols. They provide protective coatings in plants and animals.
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Sphingolipids: These contain a long-chain amino alcohol (sphingosine) and one or more fatty acids. They are important in cell membrane structure and signaling.
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Sterols and Steroids: Although not directly formed from fatty acids, these lipid molecules may include fatty acid side chains and are derived from cholesterol.
These biomolecules play crucial roles in energy storage, cellular structure, and signaling pathways in living organisms.