The correct answer is carbon dating and index fossils.
- Carbon dating (or radiocarbon dating) is a method used to determine the absolute age of organic materials by measuring the decay of carbon-14.
- Index fossils are fossils that are used to identify and date the layers of rock in which they are found, helping to establish the relative ages of rock layers.
While the law of superposition is a principle that helps in understanding the relative ages of rock layers, it does not provide absolute ages. The law of inclusion is a principle related to determining relative ages as well.