The three techniques a writer can use to engage readers at the beginning of a narrative are:
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Making an interesting observation - This can pique the reader's curiosity and draw them into the narrative.
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Setting out a problem - Presenting a conflict or dilemma early on can create tension and compel the reader to want to know more about how it will be resolved.
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Introducing a situation - Quickly establishing the context or scenario can help readers understand the stakes and engage with the story.
While describing characters and giving details about the setting are also important, they are typically more effective after establishing hooks like observations, problems, or situations. Finding the solution to a problem occurs later in the narrative, not at the beginning.