To make readers want to read a short story, you can introduce several key elements at the beginning. Here are the most effective ones from your list:
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The conflict - Introducing a compelling conflict can immediately engage readers, as it creates tension and raises questions about how it will be resolved.
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Setting details - Establishing the setting early on can immerse readers in the story, providing context and atmosphere that can enhance their interest.
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The main character - Introducing a relatable or intriguing main character can draw readers in, as they often want to learn more about the character's motivations, struggles, and development.
While introducing the theme is important, it might not be as immediately engaging as the other three elements in the opening of a short story. Therefore, the most effective initial elements to draw in readers are the conflict, setting details, and the main character.