The Articles of Confederation were established in response to the challenges faced by the United States following its independence from Britain. Several key factors prompted their creation:
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Need for a Unified Government: After declaring independence, the thirteen colonies needed a cohesive governing framework to facilitate cooperation among the states and manage collective issues, such as defense, territorial disputes, and diplomatic relations.
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Weaknesses of the Continental Congress: During the Revolutionary War, the Continental Congress operated without a formal constitution and had limited powers, primarily relying on voluntary contributions from the states for funding and troops. This lack of authority became evident as they struggled to coordinate the war effort.
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Fear of Central Authority: There was a strong desire among the states to avoid creating a powerful central government reminiscent of British rule. Many leaders feared that a strong national authority could lead to tyranny, so the Articles were designed to maintain state sovereignty and limit central power.
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Economic Challenges: The post-war economy was in distress, with states experiencing debts and low taxes. There was a need for a system to manage interstate trade, settle debts, and establish a stable currency, which necessitated some form of central governance.
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Negotiating Western Expansion: The management of western lands and the resolution of territorial claims were pressing issues. The Articles provided a mechanism for states to cede their western lands to the national government, allowing for organized settlement and governance of those territories.
In conclusion, the Articles of Confederation were established to create a framework for governance that addressed the immediate needs of the newly independent states while preserving their autonomy. It was ratified in 1781 but ultimately proved to be ineffective due to its inherent weaknesses, leading to the drafting of the U.S. Constitution in 1787.