During the Renaissance period in England, one of the most significant political developments that expanded the powers of Parliament was the emergence of the Tudor monarchy, particularly during the reigns of Henry VIII and Elizabeth I.
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The Reformation and the Break with Rome (1530s): Henry VIII's break with the Catholic Church and the establishment of the Church of England led to the English Reformation. The Act of Supremacy in 1534 declared Henry as the Supreme Head of the Church of England, which shifted religious authority and required parliamentary approval for numerous changes, thereby increasing Parliament's influence over matters of governance and religion.
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Increased Role in Legislation and Taxes: Throughout the Tudor period, Parliament began to take on a more active role in governance, particularly in passing laws and granting taxes. The necessity for new taxes to fund wars and royal projects led to the calling of Parliament, which had to consent to taxation, thus increasing its power and importance.
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The Evolution of the Parliament's Powers: The Tudor monarchs, especially Henry VIII, began to rely on parliamentary consent for their policies, laying the groundwork for the evolution of Parliament from a primarily advisory body to one that had substantial legislative authority. This was further enhanced by the practice of granting and regulating marriage and succession rights, which also involved parliamentary action.
Overall, the developments during the Tudor era fundamentally shaped the relationship between the monarchy and Parliament, laying the groundwork for the eventual establishment of parliamentary sovereignty in later years.
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