When the air temperature equals the dew point temperature, the air is said to be saturated. This means that the air can hold no more moisture at that temperature, leading to the formation of condensation. As a result, you may observe fog, dew, or clouds, depending on the conditions.
In simple terms:
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Humidity: The relative humidity reaches 100%, indicating the air is holding the maximum amount of water vapor it can at that temperature.
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Condensation: Moisture in the air begins to condense into liquid water, which can manifest as dew on surfaces, fog in the atmosphere, or clouds forming in larger volumes of air.
This phenomenon is critical in weather prediction and understanding climate, as it often indicates that precipitation can occur if conditions remain favorable.