The issues you listed can significantly impact the effectiveness of a graph. Let's analyze each point:
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Different Scales on the Two Axes: Using different scales can lead to misinterpretation of the data. If one axis is scaled significantly differently from another, it can distort the visual representation and make it difficult for viewers to accurately interpret the relationship between the variables.
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No Information About Units: Not providing units for the variables can lead to confusion for the viewer. Without knowing what the units are (e.g., meters, seconds, dollars), it becomes impossible to understand the magnitude and context of the data presented.
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No Labels on the Axes: Failing to label the axes eliminates clarity. Without labels, viewers won't know what each axis represents, making it difficult to draw any meaningful conclusions from the graph.
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No Data: If a graph has no data, it serves no purpose. A graph is meant to visualize data, and without any data, there is nothing to convey or analyze.
Based on these points, the most critical issue is likely the lack of data, as a graph without data is not functional; however, all the other issues are also important for proper interpretation and understanding of the graph. If you need to identify the most severe issue, it would be the lack of data. If the question is about various potential issues, then any of the listed points are valid criticisms of a graph.