Coronaviruses, including the one responsible for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), primarily spread from person to person. Here are the main modes of transmission:
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Respiratory Droplets: The virus is mainly transmitted when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, or breathes, releasing droplets that may contain the virus into the air. These droplets can be inhaled by people nearby.
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Airborne Transmission: In certain conditions, especially in closed, poorly ventilated spaces, the virus can remain suspended in the air for longer periods and be inhaled by others at a distance.
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Surface Contamination (Fomites): The virus can survive on surfaces for varying lengths of time. People can get infected by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching their mouth, nose, or eyes. However, this mode of transmission is considered less common than direct person-to-person transmission.
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Close Contact: The virus can also spread through direct contact with an infected person, such as hugging or shaking hands, especially if there is an exchange of respiratory secretions.
Preventive measures to reduce transmission include wearing masks, maintaining physical distance, practicing good hand hygiene, improving ventilation, and getting vaccinated.