The source of Islamic thought that describes the words and actions of the Prophet Muhammad is primarily found in the Hadith. Hadith are collections of reports and sayings attributed to Muhammad, detailing his teachings, actions, and approvals. These texts serve as important guiding sources for Muslims, complementing the Quran, which is considered the holy scripture of Islam.
The Hadith literature is categorized into different collections, some of which are more widely accepted than others. The most authoritative collections include:
- Sahih al-Bukhari: Compiled by Imam Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari, it is one of the most respected Hadith collections in Sunni Islam.
- Sahih Muslim: Compiled by Imam Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj, this collection is also revered in Sunni tradition.
- Sunan Abu Dawood: Compiled by Abu Dawood, it contains many practical legal traditions.
- Jami` at-Tirmidhi: Compiled by Imam Tirmidhi, it includes both authentic and less authentic Hadith.
- Sunan an-Nasa'i: Compiled by Imam Nasa'i, it is also an important source of Hadith.
In addition to Hadith, the Sira literature, which chronicles the life of Muhammad, also contributes to the understanding of his actions and the historical context of his time. The most famous of these works is "Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum" (The Sealed Nectar) by Safi-ur-Rahman al-Mubarakpuri, among others.
Together, the Quran, Hadith, and Sira literature form the foundation of Islamic thought and guide Muslims in their beliefs and practices.