The correct answer is Carrying amino acids to the ribosome.
Explanation: Transfer RNA (tRNA) plays a crucial role in the process of translation during protein synthesis. Its primary function is to transport specific amino acids to the ribosome, where the amino acids are assembled into a polypeptide chain based on the sequence of codons in messenger RNA (mRNA). Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon that is complementary to a specific codon on the mRNA, ensuring that the correct amino acid is added to the growing protein chain.
The other options are not correct in the context of tRNA's function:
- Catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds - This is mainly the role of the ribosome and the ribosomal RNA (rRNA), not tRNA.
- Transcribing DNA into mRNA - This process is performed by RNA polymerase, not tRNA.
- Breaking down proteins into amino acids - This is a function of proteases, which are involved in protein catabolism, not tRNA.
Thus, tRNA's primary role is indeed to carry amino acids to the ribosome.