The primary cause for emotional and physical changes during adolescence is the surge of hormones that occurs as a part of the puberty process. During this developmental stage, the body undergoes significant biological changes driven by the endocrine system. Key hormones involved include:
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Estrogen and Testosterone: In girls, estrogen levels rise, leading to breast development, the onset of menstruation, and fat distribution changes. In boys, testosterone levels increase, resulting in muscle growth, voice deepening, and growth of body hair.
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Growth Hormones: These hormones contribute to the growth spurts often associated with this age, impacting height and bodily proportions.
These hormonal changes are accompanied by alterations in brain structure and function, particularly in areas responsible for emotion regulation, decision-making, and social interactions. This can lead to heightened emotions and sometimes erratic behavior, as adolescents navigate the complexities of identity, peer relationships, and independence.
Overall, the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors during adolescence contributes to the physical and emotional changes experienced in this developmental stage.
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