The order of changes in the caste system in India, from earliest developments to more recent changes, can be outlined as follows:
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Ancient Period: The Varna system emerges, dividing society into four main categories: Brahmins (priests), Kshatriyas (warriors), Vaishyas (merchants), and Shudras (servants).
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Medieval Period: The caste system becomes more rigid with the emergence of numerous sub-castes and local variations, often influenced by social, economic, and political changes.
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Colonial Era (19th Century): British colonial policies and census practices formalize and reinforce caste identities, leading to increased identity politics and stratification.
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Post-Independence (1947): The Indian Constitution formally abolishes "untouchability" and prohibits caste discrimination, promoting affirmative action for Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST).
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Liberalization and Economic Reforms (1991 Onwards): Increasing globalization and economic changes lead to new opportunities that challenge traditional caste roles, with rising middle-class aspirations.
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Contemporary Era: Ongoing social movements, political mobilization, and legal interventions continue to challenge caste discrimination, with a focus on social justice and equality.
This outline captures the progression and changing dynamics of the caste system over time in India.