What is the new organism called that contains the new DNA?

Question

Give an example of how this process has been used in the medical field (be
specific about the product).

Give an example of how this process has been used in agriculture (be specific
about the product).

Answer 1

The new organism containing the new DNA is called a transgenic organism or a genetically modified organism (GMO).

Example in the medical field: Production of insulin using genetically modified bacteria such as E.coli. The human gene for insulin production is inserted into the bacteria's DNA, which then produces insulin that can be harvested and used by humans with diabetes.

Example in agriculture: Genetically modified crops such as Bt cotton have been developed by inserting a gene from a bacterium into the DNA of cotton plants. The resulting cotton produces a toxin that repels the bollworm pest, reducing the need for insecticides and increasing crop yields.