The main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells lie in their structural organization and complexity:
-
Nucleus:
- Prokaryotic Cells: Lack a true nucleus. Their genetic material (DNA) is located in a region called the nucleoid, which is not enclosed by a membrane.
- Eukaryotic Cells: Have a well-defined, membrane-bound nucleus that contains their genetic material.
-
Size:
- Prokaryotic Cells: Generally smaller in size (typically 0.1 to 5.0 micrometers).
- Eukaryotic Cells: Generally larger (typically 10 to 100 micrometers).
-
Cell Structure:
- Prokaryotic Cells: Simpler structure with fewer organelles. They do not have membrane-bound organelles, though some may have ribosomes and a plasma membrane.
- Eukaryotic Cells: More complex, containing various membrane-bound organelles (e.g., mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus).
-
Cell Reproduction:
- Prokaryotic Cells: Reproduce asexually mainly through binary fission.
- Eukaryotic Cells: Can reproduce asexually (e.g., mitosis) or sexually (e.g., meiosis).
-
Examples:
- Prokaryotic Cells: Bacteria and Archaea.
- Eukaryotic Cells: Animals, plants, fungi, and protists.
These differences contribute to the various functions and processes that cells can perform in living organisms.