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what is the function of spindle fibers

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Spindle fibers, also known as microtubules, have several functions in cell division (mitosis and meiosis), including:

1. Chromosome movement: Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes and help move them during cell division. They exert forces to separate and align chromosomes in the cell.

2. Segregation of chromosomes: Spindle fibers help separate duplicated chromosomes into two daughter cells during anaphase of mitosis. They ensure that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.

3. Formation of the spindle apparatus: During cell division, spindle fibers form a complex structure called the spindle apparatus or mitotic spindle. This apparatus consists of microtubules, centrosomes, and associated proteins, which aid in the proper alignment and segregation of chromosomes.

4. Cytokinesis: Spindle fibers play a role in cytokinesis, the process of dividing the cytoplasm and forming two separate daughter cells. During cytokinesis, contractile proteins interact with spindle fibers to pinch off the cell membrane and cytoplasm, separating the two daughter cells.
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