The ovaries are a pair of female reproductive organs that have several key functions:
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Oocyte Production: Ovaries produce and release oocytes (egg cells) through a process called oogenesis. Typically, one oocyte is released during each menstrual cycle in a process called ovulation.
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Hormone Secretion: Ovaries are vital endocrine glands that produce hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone. These hormones regulate various aspects of the menstrual cycle, influence secondary sexual characteristics (such as breast development and fat distribution), and play critical roles in pregnancy and reproductive health.
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Menstrual Cycle Regulation: The hormonal signals from the ovaries help regulate the menstrual cycle, preparing the uterus for potential pregnancy by thickening the uterine lining.
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Support of Pregnancy: If fertilization occurs, the ovaries help maintain the early stages of pregnancy by producing hormones that support the developing embryo until the placenta takes over.
Overall, the ovaries play a crucial role in female reproduction, hormonal balance, and overall health.