Diploid and haploid cells differ primarily in their chromosome number:
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Chromosome Number:
- Diploid Cells (2n): These cells contain two complete sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent. In humans, for example, diploid cells have a total of 46 chromosomes (23 pairs).
- Haploid Cells (n): These cells contain only one complete set of chromosomes. In humans, haploid cells have 23 chromosomes. Haploid cells are typically found in gametes (sperm and eggs).
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Cell Types:
- Diploid Cells: Most body cells (somatic cells) are diploid. They are involved in growth, development, and tissue repair.
- Haploid Cells: These are primarily found in the reproductive system and are involved in sexual reproduction.
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Formation:
- Diploid Cells: Formed through processes like mitosis, where one diploid cell divides to produce two diploid daughter cells.
- Haploid Cells: Formed through meiosis, a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells from one diploid cell.
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Genetic Variation:
- Diploid Cells: Can undergo genetic recombination and mutations during mitosis and meiosis.
- Haploid Cells: Result in genetic variety through the process of meiosis, which includes crossing over and independent assortment.
In summary, the key difference lies in the number of chromosome sets (diploid has two, haploid has one), which influences their function, formation, and role in living organisms.
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