Scoliosis is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal curvature of the spine. Instead of the typical straight alignment when viewed from the back, a person with scoliosis may have a spine that curves to the side in an "S" or "C" shape. This curvature can occur in various degrees and may develop during childhood or adolescence, though it can also arise in adults due to degenerative diseases, injury, or other factors.
There are several types of scoliosis, including:
- Idiopathic Scoliosis: The most common form, often diagnosed in children or adolescents. The exact cause is unknown.
- Congenital Scoliosis: Caused by a congenital abnormality where the spine does not develop properly in utero.
- Neuromuscular Scoliosis: Associated with conditions that affect the nerves and muscles, such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy.
- Degenerative Scoliosis: Occurs in older adults due to degeneration of the spine, often related to arthritis or disc degeneration.
Symptoms of scoliosis may include uneven shoulders, a prominent shoulder blade, differences in leg lengths, or back pain. In more severe cases, it can affect respiratory function and lead to other health issues.
Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the curve and the individual's age and health. They may include observation, physical therapy, braces, or surgery in more serious cases. Early detection and monitoring are crucial for managing the condition effectively.