Ozone is a molecule composed of three oxygen atoms, represented chemically as O₃. It is a pale blue gas with a distinct, sharp smell. Ozone occurs naturally in the Earth's atmosphere and serves two primary functions based on its location:
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Stratospheric Ozone: This layer of ozone is found in the stratosphere, approximately 10 to 30 miles above the Earth’s surface. It plays a crucial role in absorbing the majority of the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, protecting living organisms from potential damage, such as skin cancer and cataracts, as well as safeguarding ecosystems.
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Tropospheric Ozone: In the lower atmosphere (troposphere), ozone is considered an air pollutant and is a major component of smog. It is not directly emitted into the air but forms when pollutants from vehicles, industrial facilities, and other sources react in the presence of sunlight. Tropospheric ozone can have adverse health effects on humans, leading to respiratory problems and other health issues, as well as damaging vegetation.
The presence of ozone in the atmosphere is vital for life on Earth, but its effects can vary significantly depending on its location.