Ovulation is a key part of the menstrual cycle in which a mature egg is released from one of the ovaries. This typically occurs around the midpoint of the cycle, usually about 14 days before the start of a woman's next period, though the exact timing can vary based on individual cycle lengths.
During ovulation:
- Hormonal Changes: The body experiences a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), which triggers the release of the egg.
- Egg Release: The mature egg is expelled from the follicle in the ovary and enters the fallopian tube, where it may be fertilized by sperm.
- Fertility Window: The days leading up to and including ovulation are considered the most fertile period in a woman's cycle, as sperm can survive in the female reproductive tract for several days, and the egg itself is viable for approximately 12-24 hours after ovulation.
Ovulation is a critical process for conception, and understanding it can help individuals and couples who are trying to conceive or monitor their reproductive health. There are various signs and methods to track ovulation, including changes in cervical mucus, basal body temperature, and ovulation predictor kits.